Sleep Medicine

1. Basic Science of Sleep

  • Normal sleep architecture (N1, N2, N3, REM)
  • Neurotransmitters & neural pathways regulating sleep
  • Homeostatic & circadian regulation
  • Sleep across the lifespan
  • Sleep deprivation: physiologic & cognitive effects

2. Sleep Assessment & Diagnostics

  • Sleep history & sleep diary
  • Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
  • STOP-BANG screening for OSA
  • Actigraphy
  • Polysomnography (PSG)
    • EEG, EOG, EMG
    • AHI, RDI, arousal index
  • Home sleep apnea testing (HSAT)
  • MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test)
  • MWT (Maintenance of Wakefulness Test)

3. Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)

Sleep-related hypoxemia & hypoventilation


4. Hypersomnolence Disorders


5. Insomnia


6. Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders


7. Parasomnias / Movement Disorders in Sleep


9. Sleep Medicine in Special Populations

  • Pediatric sleep disorders
  • Sleep in older adults
  • Sleep during pregnancy
  • Sleep in patients with developmental disabilities
  • Sleep issues in critically ill patients (ICU)

10. Sleep & Systemic Diseases

  • Sleep & cardiovascular disease
  • Sleep & diabetes / metabolic syndrome
  • Sleep & psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, PTSD)
  • Sleep in chronic pain
  • Sleep disturbances in neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson, Alzheimer)

11. Treatment Modalities

Non-pharmacologic

  • Sleep hygiene
  • CBT-I
  • Bright light therapy
  • Chronotherapy

Positive Airway Pressure (PAP)

  • CPAP
  • APAP
  • BiPAP
  • ASV

Oral Appliances

  • Mandibular advancement devices
  • Tongue-retaining devices

Surgical Options

  • Adenotonsillectomy (pediatric)
  • UPPP
  • Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA)
  • Hypoglossal nerve stimulation
  • Nasal & airway surgeries

Pharmacotherapy

  • Wake-promoting agents (modafinil, solriamfetol)
  • Orexin receptor antagonists
  • Melatonin & melatonin agonists
  • RLS treatments (dopamine agonists, gabapentinoids)

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