Cardiology

CARDIOLOGY


1. Fundamentals of Cardiology

  • Anatomy of the heart and great vessels
  • Cardiac electrophysiology basics
  • Physiology of cardiac cycle
  • Hemodynamics and cardiac output regulation
  • Pathophysiology of heart failure, ischemia, arrhythmia
  • Biomarkers in cardiology (troponin, BNP/NT-proBNP, D-dimer)


2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

2.1 Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

  • Pathogenesis (atherosclerosis)
  • Angina classification
  • Diagnostic testing (stress test, CTA)
  • Medical therapy & risk modification

2.2 Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

  • Unstable angina
  • NSTEMI
  • STEMI
  • Reperfusion strategies (PCI, thrombolysis)
  • Dual antiplatelet therapy
  • Post-MI management

2.3 Chronic Coronary Syndrome

  • Secondary prevention
  • Long-term lipid management
  • Antianginal therapy

3. Heart Failure (HF)

3.1 Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

  • Etiology
  • Diagnosis (echo, BNP)
  • GDMT (ARNI, beta-blockers, MRA, SGLT2i)
  • Acute decompensated HF management

3.2 HF with Preserved EF (HFpEF)

  • Risk factors
  • Diagnostic challenges
  • Management algorithms

3.3 Right Heart Failure / Cor Pulmonale

3.4 Cardiogenic Shock

  • SCAI shock stages
  • Inotropes & vasopressors
  • Mechanical circulatory support (IABP, Impella, ECMO)

4. Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders

Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Ventricular Arrhythmias

  • PVCs
  • VT (stable/unstable)
  • VF and cardiac arrest algorithms

Bradyarrhythmias

Approach to Palpitations

Syncope / autonomic dysfunction

Implantable Devices

  • Pacemakers
  • ICD
  • CRT
  • Device troubleshooting basics

5. Valvular Heart Diseases

5.1 Aortic Valve Disease

  • Aortic stenosis
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • TAVR vs SAVR

5.2 Mitral Valve Disease

  • Mitral stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • MitraClip

5.3 Tricuspid Valve Disease

5.4 Pulmonic Valve Disease


6. Congenital Heart Disease (Adults & Pediatrics)

  • ASD
  • VSD
  • PDA
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • Coarctation of aorta
  • Eisenmenger syndrome


7. Cardiomyopathies

7.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy

7.2 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

  • Risk of sudden death
  • Septal reduction therapy

7.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

7.4 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

7.5 Stress-induced Cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo)


8. Pericardial Diseases


9. Hypertension

9.1 Essential Hypertension

  • Diagnosis
  • Staging
  • Treatment algorithm

9.2 Secondary Hypertension

  • Renovascular
  • Endocrine (pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism)
  • OSA

9.3 Hypertensive Emergency / Urgency


10. Lipid Disorders and Atherosclerosis

  • Dyslipidemia classification
  • ASCVD risk calculation
  • Statin therapy
  • Non-statin lipid-lowering (ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, PCSK9i)


11. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)

  • Classification (WHO group I–V)
  • Diagnostic evaluation (echo, RHC)
  • Targeted therapy (prostacyclin, endothelin receptor antagonists, PDE5i)


12. Aortic Diseases & Vascular Cardiology


13. Cardio-Oncology

  • Chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy
  • Radiation heart disease
  • Monitoring protocols


14. Infective and Inflammatory Cardiac Diseases


15. Cardiac Imaging

  • Echocardiography (TTE/TEE)
  • Cardiac CT
  • Cardiac MRI
  • Nuclear cardiology (SPECT/PET)
  • Coronary angiography


16. Cardiology in Special Populations

  • Pregnancy
  • Pediatric considerations
  • Elderly
  • Athletes
  • Patients with CKD
  • Post-transplant patients


17. Cardiovascular Pharmacology

  • Antiplatelets
  • Anticoagulants
  • Antiarrhythmics
  • Beta-blockers
  • ACEI/ARB/ARNI
  • Diuretics
  • Vasodilators
  • Inotropes
  • Lipid-lowering agents


18. Cardiac Procedures & Interventions

  • Diagnostic catheterization
  • PCI (stenting, atherectomy)
  • Electrophysiology study
  • Ablation procedures
  • Structural interventions (TAVR, MitraClip, Watchman)


19. Cardiac Emergency / Critical Care

  • Cardiac arrest (ACLS)
  • Acute pulmonary edema
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Acute aortic syndromes
  • Electrical storm
  • Post-resuscitation care


20. Preventive & Lifestyle Medicine


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