Orthopedic

1. General Principles

  • Anatomy & biomechanics of bone and joints
  • Bone healing & fracture physiology
  • Types of fractures & classification systems
  • Approach to the orthopedic patient
  • Gait analysis & musculoskeletal exam
  • Imaging in orthopedics (X-ray basics, CT, MRI, US, nuclear)
  • Orthopedic implants & fixation principles
  • Perioperative care & DVT prophylaxis
  • Compartment syndrome (pathophysiology & diagnosis)
  • CRPS (Complex regional pain syndrome)

2. Upper Extremity

Shoulder

  • Rotator cuff tear
  • Shoulder dislocation/instability
  • Adhesive capsulitis
  • Proximal humerus fractures
  • Glenoid fractures
  • AC joint injuries
  • SLAP lesions

Arm & Elbow

  • Humeral shaft fractures
  • Supracondylar fractures
  • Radial head fractures
  • Elbow dislocation
  • Lateral/medial epicondylitis

Forearm & Wrist

  • Both-bone forearm fractures
  • Galeazzi & Monteggia injuries
  • Distal radius fractures (Colles, Smith, Barton)
  • Scaphoid fracture
  • TFCC injuries
  • Carpal instability

Hand & Fingers

3. Lower Extremity

Hip

Femur & Knee

  • Femoral shaft fractures
  • Distal femur fractures
  • Patellar fractures
  • Knee ligament injuries (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL)
  • Meniscal injuries
  • Patellar dislocation
  • Total knee arthroplasty

Leg & Ankle

  • Tibial shaft fractures
  • Pilon fractures
  • Ankle fractures (Weber, Lauge-Hansen)
  • Achilles tendon rupture
  • Syndesmotic injury (“high ankle sprain”)

Foot

  • Calcaneal fractures
  • Talus fractures
  • Lisfranc injury
  • Metatarsal fractures
  • Plantar fasciitis
  • Hallux valgus & hammertoe deformities

4. Spine

5. Trauma Orthopedics

  • ATLS orthopedic considerations
  • Pelvic fractures & hemorrhage control
  • Open fractures (Gustilo classification)
  • Mangled extremity & amputation decision
  • Polytrauma management
  • Damage control orthopedics
  • Fat embolism syndrome
  • Neurovascular injuries

6. Pediatric Orthopedics

  • Growth plate (physis) & Salter-Harris classification
  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
  • Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
  • Clubfoot
  • Pediatric fracture patterns (bowing, greenstick, buckle)
  • Osgood-Schlatter disease
  • Scoliosis in children

7. Sports Medicine & Soft Tissue

  • Muscle strain & tendon injury
  • ACL / PCL reconstruction principles
  • Meniscus repair vs partial meniscectomy
  • Overuse injuries (shin splints, stress fractures)
  • Bursitis (prepatellar, olecranon, trochanteric)

8. Bone & Joint Infections

  • Septic arthritis
  • Osteomyelitis (acute vs chronic)
  • Prosthetic joint infection
  • Diabetic foot osteomyelitis
  • Necrotizing soft tissue infection (orthopedic perspective)

9. Bone Tumors & Orthopedic Oncology

  • Benign tumors (osteochondroma, enchondroma, GCT)
  • Malignant bone tumors (osteosarcoma, Ewing, chondrosarcoma)
  • Soft tissue sarcomas
  • Metastatic bone disease
  • Pathologic fractures

10. Metabolic Bone Disease

  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteomalacia
  • Paget disease
  • Hyperparathyroidism-related bone disease
  • Vitamin D disorders

11. Amputation & Reconstruction

  • Indications for amputation
  • Types/levels of amputation
  • Limb salvage vs amputation
  • Prosthesis and rehabilitation
  • Flap coverage & soft tissue reconstruction

12. Orthopedic Emergencies

  • Compartment syndrome
  • Septic arthritis
  • Open fractures
  • Neurovascular compromise
  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • Joint dislocation with vascular injury
  • Flexor tenosynovitis

13. Diagnostics & Procedures

  • Fracture diagnosis on X-ray
  • CT/MRI interpretation for orthopedic injuries
  • Joint aspiration & synovial fluid analysis
  • Casting & splinting techniques
  • Traction (skin vs skeletal)
  • External fixation principles
  • Arthroscopy basics
  • Use of ultrasound in orthopedics

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