Oncology

1. Principles of Oncology

  • Cancer biology & hallmark of cancer
  • Tumor microenvironment
  • Cancer genetics & hereditary cancer syndromes
  • Staging systems (TNM, FIGO, Ann Arbor, RAI, IPSS)
  • Performance status (ECOG, Karnofsky)
  • Prognostic & predictive biomarkers
  • Approach to the patient with suspected cancer
  • Principles of biopsy & tissue diagnosis
  • Liquid biopsy & circulating tumor DNA

2. Solid Tumors (Organ-based Oncology)

Breast

  • Breast cancer types (ER/PR+, HER2+, triple-negative)
  • Early-stage vs metastatic breast cancer
  • Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant therapy strategies

Lung

Gastrointestinal (GI)

  • Esophageal cancer
  • Gastric cancer
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • Neuroendocrine tumors

Genitourinary (GU)

  • Prostate cancer
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Bladder cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Penile cancer

Gynecologic Oncology

  • Cervical cancer
  • Endometrial cancer
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Vulvar & vaginal cancer

Head and Neck

  • Oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPV-related vs non-HPV)
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Salivary gland tumors

Skin & Soft Tissue

  • Melanoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Soft tissue sarcoma

Other Organ Systems

  • Brain tumors (GBM, meningioma, metastatic brain lesions)
  • Bone cancer (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma)

3. Hematologic Malignancies

Lymphoid Malignancies

  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL, follicular, SMZL, SLL/CLL)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma
  • Peripheral T-cell lymphoma

Plasma Cell Disorders

  • Multiple myeloma
  • MGUS
  • Smoldering myeloma
  • Amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis)

Leukemias

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)

  • Polycythemia vera
  • Essential thrombocythemia
  • Primary myelofibrosis
  • CML (shared category with leukemia)

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

  • Pathophysiology and classification
  • Treatment principles (HMA, transplant)

4. Supportive Care & Complications

  • Chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting (CINV)
  • Neutropenia & febrile neutropenia
  • Anemia & thrombocytopenia in cancer
  • Transfusion support
  • Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT)
  • Nutrition in oncology
  • Cancer pain management
  • Bone metastasis & bone-modifying agents (bisphosphonates, denosumab)
  • Cardiotoxicity & other organ toxicities
  • End-of-life care basics

5. Oncologic Emergencies

  • Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
  • Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)
  • Spinal cord compression
  • Hypercalcemia of malignancy
  • Febrile neutropenia
  • Neutropenic colitis (typhlitis)
  • SIADH in cancer patients
  • Malignant central airway obstruction
  • Malignant pleural effusion & pericardial effusion
  • Malignant related ascites
  • Carcinomatous meningitis
  • Acute leukostasis
  • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

6. Therapy Modalities

Chemotherapy

  • Principles of cytotoxic chemotherapy
  • Dosing strategies (BSA-based, AUC-based)
  • Common regimens (FOLFOX, CHOP, AC-T, etc.)
  • Toxicity profiles by drug class

Targeted Therapy

  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR, ALK, others)
  • Anti-angiogenic agents (VEGF inhibitors)
  • CDK4/6 inhibitors
  • PARP inhibitors
  • mTOR inhibitors

Immunotherapy

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4)
  • CAR-T therapy
  • Cytokine therapy
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs)

Radiation Therapy

  • External beam radiation therapy
  • Stereotactic radiosurgery
  • Brachytherapy
  • Radiation toxicity

Surgery in Oncology

  • Principles of oncologic surgery
  • Margin status & lymph node evaluation
  • Palliative surgery

7. Survivorship, Screening & Prevention

  • Cancer screening guidelines (breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, prostate)
  • Genetic testing & counseling
  • Lifestyle modification & secondary prevention
  • Fertility preservation in oncology
  • Long-term survivorship issues (cardiotoxicity, cognitive effects, late malignancies)

8. Diagnostics, Imaging & Tools

  • Tumor markers and their clinical use (AFP, CEA, CA125, CA19-9, CA15-3, CA 27.29, PSA, β-hCG, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, chromogranin A, LDH, NSE, CA 72-4, CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, β2-Microglobulin)
  • PET/CT in oncology
  • MRI for staging
  • Radiomics & AI in imaging
  • Pathology essentials (IHC, molecular profiling)
  • Minimal residual disease (MRD) testing
  • Bone marrow biopsy interpretation
  • Circulating tumor DNA & liquid biopsy

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