1. General Principles of Endocrinology
- Hormone
synthesis & action
- Feedback
loops (positive & negative)
- Diurnal
rhythm & hormone secretion patterns
- Endocrine
pharmacology
- Approach
to suspected endocrine disease
- Endocrine
imaging (US, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine)
2. Hypothalamus & Pituitary Disorders
- Pituitary
adenomas (prolactinoma, GH-secreting, ACTH-secreting)
- Acromegaly
- Gigantism
- Cushing
disease (pituitary)
- Central
diabetes insipidus
- SIADH
- Hypopituitarism
(ACTH/TSH/GH/LH/FSH deficiency)
- Pituitary
apoplexy
- Empty
sella syndrome
3. Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism
- Primary
hypothyroidism
- Hashimoto
thyroiditis
- Subclinical
hypo/hyperthyroidism
- Graves
disease
- Toxic
multinodular goiter
- Thyroiditis
(subacute, silent, postpartum)
- Thyrotoxicosis
factitia
Thyroid nodules & cancer
- Thyroid
nodule evaluation (US characteristics, TIRADS)
- FNA
interpretation (Bethesda classification)
- Papillary
thyroid carcinoma
- Follicular
carcinoma
- Medullary
thyroid carcinoma
- Anaplastic
carcinoma
4. Adrenal Disorders
Cortex
- Cushing
syndrome
- Primary
hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
- Congenital
adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- Addison
disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)
- Adrenal
incidentaloma
- Adrenal
hemorrhage
Medulla
- Pheochromocytoma
- Paraganglioma
5. Parathyroid & Calcium–Phosphate Metabolism
- Primary
hyperparathyroidism
- Secondary
& tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypercalcemia
(causes & urgent management)
- Hypocalcemia
- Vitamin D deficiency & toxicity
- Disorders
of phosphate balance
- Osteoporosis in men
6. Diabetes Mellitus & Metabolic Disorders
Type 1 Diabetes
- Pathophysiology
- DKA
prevention/management
- Ketone-prone
diabetes
- Insulin
therapy
Type 2 Diabetes
- Insulin
resistance & metabolic syndrome
- Oral
anti-diabetic drugs
- Insulin
regimens
- Complication
screening (microvascular & macrovascular)
Other types
- LADA
- MODY
- Gestational
diabetes
- Pancreatogenic
diabetes
Acute complications
- DKA
/ HHS
- Hypoglycemia
(drug-induced vs endogenous)
7. Lipid Disorders
- Lipid management: Diet control, Promary prevention
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Familial
hypercholesterolemia
- LDL,
Statin, Lipid-altering agents
- Pediatric
dyslipidemia
8. Female Reproductive Endocrinology
- PCOS
- Amenorrhea
(primary & secondary)
- Infertility
endocrine evaluation
- Premature
ovarian insufficiency
- Menopause
& HRT
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hirsutism
9. Male Reproductive Endocrinology
- Hypogonadism
(primary/secondary)
- Testosterone
deficiency evaluation
- Gynecomastia
- Erectile
dysfunction (endocrine causes)
- Male
infertility (hormonal causes)
- Performance-enhancing hormones
10. Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
- Obesity in adult
- Obesity in pediatric / adolescent
11. Water, Electrolytes & Acid–Base Disorders
(Endocrine-related)
- Hyponatremia
(SIADH vs endocrine causes)
- Hypernatremia
(DI vs non-DI)
- Hyperkalemia
(Addison)
- Hypokalemia
(hyperaldosteronism)
- Acid–base
disorders in endocrine diseases
12. Genetic & MEN Syndromes
- MEN1
(pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid)
- MEN2A
/ MEN2B (MTC, pheochromocytoma)
- VHL
syndrome
- Carney
complex
- McCune–Albright
13. Endocrine Hypertension
- Primary
aldosteronism
- Pheochromocytoma
- Cushing
syndrome
- Thyroid
disease–induced hypertension
- Renovascular
endocrine interactions
14. Endocrine Emergencies
- Thyroid
storm
- Myxedema
coma
- Adrenal
crisis
- DKA
- HHS
- Severe
hypercalcemia crisis
- Pheochromocytoma
crisis
15. Endocrine Tumors
- Pituitary
tumors
- Thyroid
cancers
- Adrenal
tumors
- Pancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors (pNET)
- Carcinoid
tumors & carcinoid syndrome
16. Endocrine Testing & Diagnostics
- Dynamic
hormone testing (ACTH stim test, dexamethasone suppression test)
- Water
deprivation test
- OGTT
- TRH,
GnRH testing (rarely used today)
- Hormone
assays (total vs free hormone interpretation)
- Endocrine
imaging (US, CT, MRI, MIBG, PET)
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