PULMONOLOGY
1. Fundamentals of Pulmonology
- Anatomy of the respiratory system
- Physiology of ventilation & gas exchange
- Lung mechanics & compliance
- Diffusion and V/Q matching
- Acid–base physiology related to respiratory disorders
- Pulmonary function testing (spirometry, DLCO, plethysmography)
- Respiratory failure (type I and II)
- Chronic cough
2. Airway Diseases
2.1 Asthma
2.2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Chronic
bronchitis vs emphysema
- AECOPD management
- Long-term
oxygen therapy
- Refractory COPD (advanced therapies)
2.3 Bronchiectasis
- Causes:
post-infectious, CF, immunodeficiency
- Evaluation
& chronic management
2.4 Cystic Fibrosis
3. Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
3.1 Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
- IPF
- NSIP
- Acute
interstitial pneumonia
3.2 ILD Associated with Systemic Diseases
- Rheumatologic
ILD
- Sarcoidosis
(multi-organ involvement)
3.3 Occupational & Environmental ILD
- Pneumoconiosis
- Hypersensitivity
pneumonitis
3.4 Drug-induced ILD
4. Pulmonary Infections
4.1 Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- Typical
vs atypical pathogens
- Risk
scores (CURB-65, PSI)
4.2 Hospital-Acquired / Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
4.3 Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections
- HIV
- Transplant
patients
- Fungal
pneumonias
4.4 Tuberculosis
5. Pleural Diseases
- Pleural effusion (transudate vs exudate)
- Parapneumonic effusion & empyema
- Pneumothorax (spontaneous/traumatic)
- Hemothorax
- Chylothorax
- Pleural tumors (mesothelioma)
6. Pulmonary Vascular Diseases
6.1 Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
6.2 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
6.3 Pulmonary hypertension (WHO group 1–5)
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Approach
- Pulmonary Hypertension group 1
- Pulmonary Hypertension due to Lung disease/Hypoxia
- Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left heart
7. Neoplastic Diseases of the Lung
7.1 Lung Cancer
- Suspected lung cancer: evaluation
- Initial Treatment & prognosis
- NSCLC
- SCLC
- Staging
- Targeted
therapy (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS)
- Immunotherapy
7.2 Carcinoid Tumors
7.3 Metastatic Pulmonary Nodules
8. Sleep Medicine / Sleep-related Breathing Disorders
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Central sleep apnea
- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
- Polysomnography
- CPAP/BiPAP titration
9. Disorders of Ventilation & Gas Exchange
- Alveolar hypoventilation
- Hypercapnia
- Hypoxemia (diagnostic algorithm)
- Diffusion impairment
10. Critical Care Pulmonology
- ARDS (Berlin criteria, ventilatory strategies)
- Ventilator management
- Difficult airway
- Acute respiratory failure
- Severe asthma/COPD crisis
- ECMO overview (VV/VA)
- Weaning and extubation
11. Inhalation Injuries & Environmental Lung Diseases
- Smoke inhalation
- Chemical pneumonitis
- High altitude illnesses
- Drowning/near-drowning
- Air pollution effects
12. Pulmonary Diagnostics & Procedures
12.1 Pulmonary Function Testing
- Spirometry
- Flow-volume
loops
- Bronchodilator
testing
- DLCO
- Methacholine
challenge
12.2 Imaging
- Chest
X-ray interpretation
- HRCT
of the chest
- Nuclear
medicine (V/Q scan)
12.3 Bronchoscopy
- Flexible
vs rigid
- Bronchoalveolar
lavage
- Endobronchial
biopsy
- EBUS
12.4 Pleural Procedures
- Thoracentesis
- Chest
tube insertion
- Tunneled
pleural catheter (PleurX)
12.5 Advanced Diagnostics
- Cryobiopsy
- Transbronchial
lung biopsy
- Lung
ultrasound
13. Smoking-related Lung Diseases
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Respiratory bronchiolitis
- Smoking cessation therapies
14. Pulmonology in Special Populations
- Pregnancy
- Pediatrics
- Elderly
- Neuromuscular disorders
- Immunocompromised hosts
15. Pulmonary Pharmacology
- Bronchodilators (SABA, LABA, LAMA)
- Inhaled corticosteroids
- Mucolytics
- Antibiotics in pulmonary infections
- Antifibrotics (nintedanib, pirfenidone)
- Vasodilators in pulmonary hypertension
- Sedation & analgesia related to mechanical ventilation
16. Lung Transplantation
- Indications & selection
- Pre-transplant evaluation
- Post-transplant complications
- Immunosuppression
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