Pulmonology

PULMONOLOGY

1. Fundamentals of Pulmonology

1.1 Anatomy of the respiratory system
1.2 Physiology of ventilation & gas exchange
1.3 Lung mechanics & compliance
1.4 Diffusion and V/Q matching
1.5 Acid–base physiology related to respiratory disorders

1.6 Pulmonary function testing (spirometry, DLCO, plethysmography)
1.7 Respiratory failure (type I and II)

2. Airway Diseases

2.1 Asthma

2.2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • Chronic bronchitis vs emphysema
  • AECOPD management
  • Long-term oxygen therapy
  • Refractory COPD (advanced therapies)

2.3 Bronchiectasis

  • Causes: post-infectious, CF, immunodeficiency
  • Evaluation & chronic management

2.4 Cystic Fibrosis

3. Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)

3.1 Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

  • IPF
  • NSIP
  • Acute interstitial pneumonia

3.2 ILD Associated with Systemic Diseases

  • Rheumatologic ILD
  • Sarcoidosis (multi-organ involvement)

3.3 Occupational & Environmental ILD

  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

3.4 Drug-induced ILD

4. Pulmonary Infections

4.1 Community-Acquired Pneumonia

  • Typical vs atypical pathogens
  • Risk scores (CURB-65, PSI)

4.2 Hospital-Acquired / Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

4.3 Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections

  • HIV
  • Transplant patients
  • Fungal pneumonias

4.4 Tuberculosis

  • Pulmonary TB
  • Miliary TB
  • Drug-resistant TB

5. Pleural Diseases

5.1 Pleural effusion (transudate vs exudate)
5.2 Parapneumonic effusion & empyema
5.3 Pneumothorax (spontaneous/traumatic)
5.4 Hemothorax
5.5 Chylothorax
5.6 Pleural tumors (mesothelioma)

6. Pulmonary Vascular Diseases

6.1 Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

6.2 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)

6.3 Pulmonary hypertension (WHO group 1–5)

6.4 Pulmonary vasculitis

7. Neoplastic Diseases of the Lung

7.1 Lung Cancer

7.2 Carcinoid Tumors

7.3 Metastatic Pulmonary Nodules

8. Sleep Medicine / Sleep-related Breathing Disorders

8.1 Obstructive sleep apnea
8.2 Central sleep apnea
8.3 Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
8.4 Polysomnography
8.5 CPAP/BiPAP titration

9. Disorders of Ventilation & Gas Exchange

9.1 Alveolar hypoventilation
9.2 Hypercapnia
9.3 Hypoxemia (diagnostic algorithm)
9.4 Diffusion impairment

10. Critical Care Pulmonology

10.1 ARDS (Berlin criteria, ventilatory strategies)
10.2 Ventilator management
10.3 Difficult airway
10.4 Acute respiratory failure
10.5 Severe asthma/COPD crisis
10.6 ECMO overview (VV/VA)
10.7 Weaning and extubation

11. Inhalation Injuries & Environmental Lung Diseases

11.1 Smoke inhalation
11.2 Chemical pneumonitis
11.3 High altitude illnesses
11.4 Drowning/near-drowning
11.5 Air pollution effects

12. Pulmonary Diagnostics & Procedures

12.1 Pulmonary Function Testing

  • Spirometry
  • Flow-volume loops
  • Bronchodilator testing
  • DLCO
  • Methacholine challenge

12.2 Imaging

  • Chest X-ray interpretation
  • HRCT of the chest
  • Nuclear medicine (V/Q scan)

12.3 Bronchoscopy

  • Flexible vs rigid
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage
  • Endobronchial biopsy
  • EBUS

12.4 Pleural Procedures

  • Thoracentesis
  • Chest tube insertion
  • Tunneled pleural catheter (PleurX)

12.5 Advanced Diagnostics

  • Cryobiopsy
  • Transbronchial lung biopsy
  • Lung ultrasound

13. Smoking-related Lung Diseases

13.1 Chronic bronchitis
13.2 Emphysema
13.3 Respiratory bronchiolitis
13.4 Smoking cessation therapies

14. Pulmonology in Special Populations

14.1 Pregnancy
14.2 Pediatrics
14.3 Elderly
14.4 Neuromuscular disorders
14.5 Immunocompromised hosts

15. Pulmonary Pharmacology

15.1 Bronchodilators (SABA, LABA, LAMA)
15.2 Inhaled corticosteroids
15.3 Mucolytics
15.4 Antibiotics in pulmonary infections
15.5 Antifibrotics (nintedanib, pirfenidone)
15.6 Vasodilators in pulmonary hypertension
15.7 Sedation & analgesia related to mechanical ventilation

16. Lung Transplantation

16.1 Indications & selection
16.2 Pre-transplant evaluation
16.3 Post-transplant complications
16.4 Immunosuppression

 

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