āļ§ัāļ™āļ­āļēāļ—ิāļ•āļĒ์āļ—ี่ 19 āļ•ุāļĨāļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2568

Proximal Phalanx Fractures (P1 Fractures)

Proximal Phalanx Fractures (P1 Fractures)


ðŸ”đ Key Clinical Importance

  • āļžāļš ~20% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ phalanx fractures
  • āļĄีāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™้āļĄāđ€āļิāļ” angulation āđāļĨāļ° rotation deformity āļĄāļēāļāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”
  • āļŦāļēāļāļĢัāļāļĐāļēāđ„āļĄ่āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āđ€āļิāļ” extensor lag, flexion contracture, malrotation āļŠ่āļ‡āļœāļĨāļ–āļēāļ§āļĢāļ•่āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠ้āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄืāļ­
  • āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚้āļēāđƒāļˆ āđāļĢāļ‡āļ”ึāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļĨ้āļēāļĄāđ€āļ™ื้āļ­ intrinsic āđāļĨāļ° extrinsic āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļˆัāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ”āļēāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļ”ูāļāļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļ–ูāļāļ•้āļ­āļ‡

ðŸ”đ Relevant Anatomy

Structure

Action

āļœāļĨāļ•่āļ­ fracture fragment

Lumbricals & Interossei (insert base of P1)

MCP flexion, IP extension

āļ”ึāļ‡ proximal fragment āđƒāļŦ้ flex apex volar angulation

Extensor digitorum (dorsal)

MCP extension

āļ”ึāļ‡ distal fragment āđƒāļŦ้ extend extensor lag

Flexor tendons (volar)

DIP, PIP flexion

āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦ้ distal fragment volar displacement āļ–้āļē fracture āļ„āļ­

📌 āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™่āļ‡ MCP flexed + Wrist extended āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āđāļĢāļ‡āļ”ึāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦ้āļāļēāļĢāļˆัāļ”āđ€āļĢีāļĒāļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ”ูāļāđ€āļŠāļ–ีāļĒāļĢāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”


ðŸ”đ Mechanism of Injury

  • Direct blow transverse / comminuted (unstable)
  • Twisting oblique / spiral (rotation, shortening)
  • Hyperextension + deviation collateral ligament avulsion
  • Longitudinal compression condylar fracture

ðŸ”đ Clinical Presentation & Exam

  • āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢ: āļ›āļ§āļ” āļšāļ§āļĄ āđ€āļ„āļĨื่āļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļĨāļģāļšāļēāļ
  • āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆ deformity: angulation, shortening, rotation
  • āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆ motion: FDP, FDS, extensor tendon
  • āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄิāļ™ NV: two-point discrimination (~4–5 mm), cap refill <2s
  • Rotation deformity: āđƒāļŦ้āļ„āļ™āđ„āļ‚้āļ‡āļ­āļ™ิ้āļ§ āļ›āļĨāļēāļĒāļ™ิ้āļ§āļ„āļ§āļĢāļŠี้āđ„āļ›āļ—āļēāļ‡ scaphoid; āļŦ้āļēāļĄāļĄี finger overlap

ðŸ”đ Imaging

  • PA, lateral, oblique view
  • āļ”ู:
    • apex volar angulation (common)
    • rotation (āļ”ู cortical edges)
    • intra-articular involvement
    • shortening >2 mm āđ„āļĄ่āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢัāļš
    • angulation >10° āđ„āļĄ่āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢัāļš
    • rotation = āđ„āļĄ่āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢัāļšāđāļĄ้āđ€āļĨ็āļāļ™้āļ­āļĒ

ðŸ”đ Indications for Referral

āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļŠ่āļ‡āļĄืāļ­/āļ­āļ­āļĢ์āđ‚āļ˜āļ—ัāļ™āļ—ี āļ–้āļē:

  • Open fracture / NV compromise
  • Intra-articular fracture
  • Unstable fracture (spiral, oblique, comminuted)
  • Rotational deformity
  • Angulation >10°, shortening >2 mm
  • Reduction āļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ§้āđ„āļĄ่āđ„āļ”้
  • tendon injury āļĢ่āļ§āļĄ

ðŸ”đ Initial Management in ED

ðŸŸĒ Stable, nondisplaced

  • Buddy taping + splint (hand-based or gutter)
  • MCP flexion 70–90°, PIP/DIP full extension
  • Reevaluate 1 āļŠัāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦ์ āļ•่āļ­āļ—ุāļ 1–2 āļŠัāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦ์
  • Immobilization 3–4 wks, then begin ROM
  • Total healing time: 4–6 wks clinical, radiographic up to 6 mos

ðŸŸĄ Displaced / Angulated (closed reduction possible)

Closed reduction technique:

1.       Digital block

2.       Flex MCP & PIP to 90°

3.       Apply 3-point pressure:

o   reduce proximal fragment dorsally

o   distal fragment volarly

4.       Splint: Radial/Ulnar gutter + buddy tape

o   Wrist 20–30° extension

o   MCP 70–90° flexion

o   PIP/DIP extension

Post-reduction criteria

  • Rotation = 0
  • Shortening 2 mm
  • Angulation 10°
  • Displacement 1–2 mm

📌 If alignment lost immediate referral


ðŸ”ī Unstable Fractures (require surgery)

  • Spiral / oblique
  • Intra-articular
  • Comminuted
  • Condylar Type II/III
  • Large avulsion fragment
  • Loss of reduction

ðŸ”đ Definitive Treatment & Follow-up

Phase

Intervention

Timeframe

Acute 1–2 wks

Splint + check reduction

1 wk intervals

Healing 3–4 wks

Begin ROM (if stable)

prevent extensor lag

Strength recovery

Buddy tape support

4–6 wks extra

Return to work/sport

When pain-free, ROM >80%, radiographic healing

6–12 wks on average


ðŸ”đ Complications

  • Malrotation functional impairment
  • Extensor lag from poor positioning
  • Flexion contracture (especially if immobilization āļ™āļēāļ™āđ€āļิāļ™āđ„āļ›)
  • Nonunion (rare)
  • BoutonniÃĻre deformity (āļ–้āļēāļžāļĨāļēāļ” central slip injury)
  • Stiffness of IP joints (most common)

ðŸ”đ ED Quick Checklist

Pain/swelling + mechanism suspect P1 fracture
X-ray 3 views
Check: NV status, tendon function, rotation
Identify: stable vs unstable
Treat:

  • Stable buddy + splint
  • Displaced closed reduction + splint
  • Unstable/intra-articular urgent referral
    Splint in intrinsic plus position: MCP flex 70–90°, IP full extension
    Arrange follow-up within 1 week

āđ„āļĄ่āļĄีāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™:

āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™