āļ§ัāļ™āđ€āļŠāļēāļĢ์āļ—ี่ 21 āļĄีāļ™āļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2569

Nasal Trauma & Nasal Fracture (Pediatric)

Nasal Trauma & Nasal Fracture (Pediatric)


ðŸ”đ 1. Epidemiology & Key Points

  • Nasal fracture = āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āđƒāļ™ facial fracture āļ—ี่āļžāļšāļš่āļ­āļĒāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ”็āļ
  • āļžāļš fracture āđ„āļ”้ ~1/3 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”็āļāļ—ี่āļĄāļēāļ”้āļ§āļĒ nasal trauma
  • āļāļĨāđ„āļ:
    • <5 āļ›ี fall
    • āđ€āļ”็āļāđ‚āļ• āļีāļŽāļē
    • āļ§ัāļĒāļĢุ่āļ™ āļีāļŽāļē / assault / MVC
  • Pediatric nose:
    • cartilage āđ€āļĒāļ­āļ° injury subtle āđāļ•่ miss āđ„āļ”้āļ‡่āļēāļĒ
    • healing āđ€āļĢ็āļ§ āļ•้āļ­āļ‡ follow-up āđ€āļĢ็āļ§āļāļ§่āļē adult

ðŸ”đ 2. Important Injury Types

1. Nasal fracture

  • Lateral force simple / greenstick fracture
  • Midline high force complex fracture (NOE, open-book)
  • āļĄัāļāļĄี epistaxis

2. Septal hematoma (critical!)

  • āđ€āļĨืāļ­āļ”āļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāđƒāļ•้ mucoperichondrium
  • blood supply cartilage necrosis āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ 24 āļŠāļĄ.
  • complication:
    • saddle nose
    • septal perforation
    • infection

3. Naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) fracture

  • high impact midface
  • sign: telecanthus (inner canthal distance )

ðŸ”ī 3. Red Flags (āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļĢีāļš consult ENT)

  • Septal hematoma / abscess
  • CSF rhinorrhea
  • Vision change (VA / diplopia)
  • High-force midface trauma
  • Neonate with nasal obstruction

ðŸ”đ 4. Initial Stabilization (āļ–้āļēāļĄี major trauma)

  • ATLS approach
  • C-spine protection
  • Suction + airway protection (risk aspiration)
  • āļŦ้āļēāļĄ:
    • nasogastric tube
    • nasotracheal intubation

ðŸ”đ 5. History (key questions)

  • Mechanism (lateral vs midline force)
  • Timing (āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ•่āļ­ timing reduction)
  • Change in nasal shape
  • Epistaxis (almost always in fracture)
  • Clear rhinorrhea suspect CSF leak
  • Nasal obstruction septal injury
  • Vision change

ðŸ”đ 6. Physical Examination

External

  • deformity, swelling, ecchymosis

Palpation

  • tenderness, crepitus, step-off

Intranasal exam (āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļĄāļēāļ!)

  • Septal hematoma:
    • bluish/red swelling
    • boggy, compressible
    • āđ„āļĄ่āļĒุāļšāļ”้āļ§āļĒ vasoconstrictor

Adjacent injuries

  • orbit / teeth / mandible

ðŸ”đ 7. Imaging

  • āđ„āļĄ่āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™āđƒāļ™ isolated nasal trauma
  • X-ray low value
  • CT when:
    • suspected NOE / skull base fracture
    • CSF leak
    • orbital / frontal sinus injury

ðŸ”đ 8. Diagnosis (clinical)

Nasal fracture

  • deformity OR
  • tenderness + crepitus OR
  • 2:
    • epistaxis
    • periorbital ecchymosis
    • tenderness

Septal hematoma

  • epistaxis +
  • asymmetric septal swelling +
  • boggy obstruction +
  • āđ„āļĄ่āļ•āļ­āļš vasoconstrictor

ðŸ”đ 9. Management

ðŸŸĒ General (āļ—ุāļāđ€āļ„āļŠ)

  • analgesia (paracetamol / NSAIDs ± opioid)
  • control bleeding:
    • compression 3–5 min
    • oxymetazoline
  • reduce swelling:
    • cold compress
    • head elevation

ðŸŸĄ Isolated nasal fracture

  • refer ENT within 3–5 days
  • reduction:
    • optimal 7 days
    • āļĒัāļ‡āļ—āļģāđ„āļ”้āļ–ึāļ‡ 10–14 āļ§ัāļ™ (āļšāļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļ“ี)
  • mostly closed reduction

ðŸ”ī Septal hematoma / abscess

  • ENT emergency
  • treatment:
    • incision + drainage
    • systemic antibiotics (cover:
      • S. aureus
      • Strep
      • H. influenzae
      • anaerobes)
  • follow-up 12–18 āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™

ðŸ”ī NOE fracture

  • CT evaluation
  • surgical repair (usually 2 weeks)

ðŸ”đ 10. Disposition (minor injury)

Discharge āđ„āļ”้āļ–้āļē:

  • no obstruction
  • no hematoma
  • no deformity

Advice

  • cold compress 24 āļŠāļĄ.
  • head elevation
  • return if:
    • nasal obstruction
    • bleeding
    • clear discharge

ðŸ”đ 11. Return to Play

  • āļ‡āļ”āļีāļŽāļē: 2 āļŠัāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦ์
  • contact sports: 6 āļŠัāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦ์

ðŸ”đ 12. Complications

  • Cosmetic deformity (common)
  • Septal abscess cavernous sinus thrombosis (rare)
  • Lacrimal duct obstruction
  • Maxillary growth disturbance
  • Toxic shock syndrome (rare)

ðŸ”Ĩ Clinical Pearls (high-yield)

  • ⚠️ āļŦ้āļēāļĄāļžāļĨāļēāļ” Septal hematoma irreversible damage āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ 24 āļŠāļĄ.
  • ⚠️ Imaging “āđ„āļĄ่āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™” āđƒāļ™ isolated case clinical diagnosis āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”
  • ⚠️ āđ€āļ”็āļāļ•้āļ­āļ‡ follow-up āđ€āļĢ็āļ§ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ° cartilage healing āđ€āļĢ็āļ§
  • ⚠️ reduction timing āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļ 3–7 āļ§ัāļ™ ideal

āđ„āļĄ่āļĄีāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™:

āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™