Nasal Trauma & Nasal Fracture (Pediatric)
ðđ 1. Epidemiology &
Key Points
- Nasal
fracture = āļŦāļึ่āļāđāļ facial fracture āļี่āļāļāļ่āļāļĒāļี่āļŠุāļāđāļāđāļ็āļ
- āļāļ fracture āđāļ้ ~1/3 āļāļāļāđāļ็āļāļี่āļĄāļēāļ้āļ§āļĒ
nasal trauma
- āļāļĨāđāļ:
- <5
āļี → fall
- āđāļ็āļāđāļ → āļีāļŽāļē
- āļ§ัāļĒāļĢุ่āļ → āļีāļŽāļē / assault / MVC
- Pediatric
nose:
- cartilage
āđāļĒāļāļ° → injury subtle āđāļ่ miss āđāļ้āļ่āļēāļĒ
- healing
āđāļĢ็āļ§ → āļ้āļāļ follow-up āđāļĢ็āļ§āļāļ§่āļē adult
ðđ 2. Important Injury
Types
1. Nasal fracture
- Lateral
force → simple /
greenstick fracture
- Midline
high force → complex
fracture (NOE, open-book)
- āļĄัāļāļĄี epistaxis
2. Septal hematoma (critical!)
- āđāļĨืāļāļāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāđāļ้ mucoperichondrium
- → ↓ blood supply →
cartilage necrosis āļ āļēāļĒāđāļ 24 āļāļĄ.
- complication:
- saddle
nose
- septal
perforation
- infection
3. Naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) fracture
- high
impact midface
- sign: telecanthus
(inner canthal distance ↑)
ðī 3. Red Flags (āļ้āļāļāļĢีāļ consult ENT)
- Septal
hematoma / abscess
- CSF
rhinorrhea
- Vision
change (↓VA /
diplopia)
- High-force
midface trauma
- Neonate
with nasal obstruction
ðđ 4. Initial
Stabilization (āļ้āļēāļĄี major trauma)
- ATLS
approach
- C-spine
protection
- Suction
+ airway protection (risk aspiration)
- āļŦ้āļēāļĄ:
- ❌
nasogastric tube
- ❌
nasotracheal intubation
ðđ 5. History (key
questions)
- Mechanism
(lateral vs midline force)
- Timing
(āļŠāļģāļัāļāļ่āļ timing reduction)
- Change
in nasal shape
- Epistaxis
(almost always in fracture)
- Clear
rhinorrhea → suspect
CSF leak
- Nasal
obstruction → septal
injury
- Vision
change
ðđ 6. Physical Examination
External
- deformity,
swelling, ecchymosis
Palpation
- tenderness,
crepitus, step-off
Intranasal exam (āļŠāļģāļัāļāļĄāļēāļ!)
- Septal
hematoma:
- bluish/red
swelling
- boggy,
compressible
- āđāļĄ่āļĒุāļāļ้āļ§āļĒ vasoconstrictor
Adjacent injuries
- orbit
/ teeth / mandible
ðđ 7. Imaging
- ❌
āđāļĄ่āļāļģāđāļ็āļāđāļ isolated nasal trauma
- ❌
X-ray → low value
- ✅
CT → when:
- suspected
NOE / skull base fracture
- CSF
leak
- orbital
/ frontal sinus injury
ðđ 8. Diagnosis (clinical)
Nasal fracture
- deformity
OR
- tenderness
+ crepitus OR
- ≥2:
- epistaxis
- periorbital
ecchymosis
- tenderness
Septal hematoma
- epistaxis
+
- asymmetric
septal swelling +
- boggy
obstruction +
- āđāļĄ่āļāļāļ vasoconstrictor
ðđ 9. Management
ðĒ General (āļุāļāđāļāļŠ)
- analgesia
(paracetamol / NSAIDs ± opioid)
- control
bleeding:
- compression
3–5 min
- oxymetazoline
- reduce
swelling:
- cold
compress
- head
elevation
ðĄ Isolated nasal fracture
- refer
ENT within 3–5 days
- reduction:
- optimal
≤7
days
- āļĒัāļāļāļģāđāļ้āļึāļ 10–14 āļ§ัāļ (āļāļēāļāļāļĢāļี)
- mostly
→ closed reduction
ðī Septal hematoma /
abscess
- ENT
emergency
- treatment:
- incision
+ drainage
- systemic
antibiotics (cover:
- S.
aureus
- Strep
- H.
influenzae
- anaerobes)
- follow-up
12–18 āđāļืāļāļ
ðī NOE fracture
- CT
evaluation
- surgical
repair (usually ≤2 weeks)
ðđ 10. Disposition (minor
injury)
Discharge āđāļ้āļ้āļē:
- no
obstruction
- no
hematoma
- no
deformity
Advice
- cold
compress 24 āļāļĄ.
- head
elevation
- return
if:
- nasal
obstruction
- bleeding
- clear
discharge
ðđ 11. Return to Play
- āļāļāļีāļŽāļē: 2 āļŠัāļāļāļēāļŦ์
- contact
sports: 6 āļŠัāļāļāļēāļŦ์
ðđ 12. Complications
- Cosmetic
deformity (common)
- Septal
abscess → cavernous
sinus thrombosis (rare)
- Lacrimal
duct obstruction
- Maxillary
growth disturbance
- Toxic
shock syndrome (rare)
ðĨ Clinical Pearls
(high-yield)
- ⚠️
āļŦ้āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ Septal hematoma → irreversible damage āļ āļēāļĒāđāļ 24 āļāļĄ.
- ⚠️
Imaging “āđāļĄ่āļāļģāđāļ็āļ” āđāļ isolated case → clinical diagnosis āļŠāļģāļัāļāļี่āļŠุāļ
- ⚠️
āđāļ็āļāļ้āļāļ follow-up āđāļĢ็āļ§ āđāļāļĢāļēāļ° cartilage
healing āđāļĢ็āļ§
- ⚠️
reduction timing āļŠāļģāļัāļ → 3–7 āļ§ัāļ ideal
āđāļĄ่āļĄีāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļิāļāđāļŦ็āļ:
āđāļŠāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļิāļāđāļŦ็āļ