āļ§ัāļ™āļžāļĪāļŦัāļŠāļšāļ”ีāļ—ี่ 16 āđ€āļĄāļĐāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2569

Homonymous Hemianopia

Homonymous Hemianopia

🔑 Key concept

  • Homonymous hemianopia = āļŠูāļāđ€āļŠีāļĒ visual field āļ”้āļēāļ™āđ€āļ”ีāļĒāļ§āļัāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—ั้āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļē
    • āđ€āļŠ่āļ™ āļŠูāļāđ€āļŠีāļĒ right half āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ visual field āļ—ั้āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļē
  • āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•ุ: lesion post-chiasmal (retrochiasmal pathway)
    👉 optic tract LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) optic radiation occipital cortex

🧎 Neuroanatomy (high-yield)

  • āđ€āļŠ้āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡:
    • retina optic nerve chiasm optic tract LGN optic radiation occipital cortex
  • lesion āļŦāļĨัāļ‡ chiasm contralateral visual field defect

👁️ Clinical presentation

  • āļĄัāļāđ„āļĄ่āļĢู้āļ•ัāļ§āļ§่āļēāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄ่āđ€āļŦ็āļ™āļ„āļĢึ่āļ‡āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡
  • āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢ:
    • āļŠāļ™āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ”้āļēāļ™āļ—ี่āđ€āļŠีāļĒ
    • āļ­่āļēāļ™āļŦāļ™ัāļ‡āļŠืāļ­āļĨāļģāļšāļēāļ
    • āđ€āļŦāļĄืāļ­āļ™āļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŦ็āļ™āđ„āļĄ่āļ„āļĢā
  • visual acuity āļĄัāļāļ›āļāļ•ิ

🔍 Types of visual field defect

✔️ Complete hemianopia

  • āļŠูāļāđ€āļŠีāļĒāļ„āļĢึ่āļ‡ field āļŠัāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™
  • respect vertical meridian

✔️ Incomplete defects

Type

Localization clue

Quadrantanopia

optic radiation / occipital

Macular sparing

occipital (PCA stroke)

Scotoma

occipital tip

Sectoranopia

LGN


🧠 Localization (āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļĄāļēāļ)

ðŸ”ī 1. Optic tract

  • incongruous hemianopia
  • RAPD contralateral
  • bow-tie optic atrophy

ðŸŸĢ 2. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

  • sectoral defect
  • thalamic signs (sensory deficit)

ðŸ”ĩ 3. Optic radiation

Temporal lobe (Meyer’s loop)

👉 Superior quadrantanopia
👉 “pie in the sky”

Parietal lobe

👉 Inferior quadrantanopia
👉 sensory deficit / neglect


ðŸŸĒ 4. Occipital lobe (most common)

  • congruous hemianopia
  • macular sparing
  • usually isolated deficit

⚠️ Red flags

  • acute onset stroke
  • progressive tumor
  • associated neuro deficit localize lesion

🧊 Evaluation

✔️ Bedside

  • confrontation test (low sensitivity)

✔️ Gold standard

  • formal visual field (perimetry)

✔️ Imaging

  • MRI brain (mandatory in all cases)

🧠 Common causes

Adults

  • Stroke (most common 42–89%)
  • tumor
  • trauma

Children

  • Tumor (most common)

⚖️ Differential diagnosis

  • visual neglect (parietal lesion)
  • ocular disease (retina/optic nerve usually monocular)
  • functional vision loss

📈 Prognosis

  • recovery:
    • ~18–67%
    • āļ”ีāđƒāļ™āļŠ่āļ§āļ‡ 1–3 āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āđāļĢāļ
  • āļŦāļĨัāļ‡ 6 āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™ recovery āļ™้āļ­āļĒ

🚗 Functional impact

  • āļŦ้āļēāļĄāļ‚ัāļšāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ
  • risk:
    • falls
    • accidents
  • āļ•้āļ­āļ‡ counseling āļ—ุāļāļ„āļ™

💊 Management

✔️ Treat cause

  • stroke / tumor / infection

✔️ Rehabilitation

  • visual scanning training
  • prism / mirror
  • occupational therapy

ðŸ§ū Clinical pearls

  • Homonymous hemianopia = lesion āļŦāļĨัāļ‡ chiasm āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­
  • congruous posterior lesion
  • macular sparing occipital stroke
  • “pie in the sky” temporal lobe
  • bilateral lesion cortical blindness (Anton syndrome)

🧠 One-line summary

👉 “Loss of same-side visual field in both eyes lesion in contralateral retrochiasmal pathway”


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