āļ§ัāļ™āļĻุāļāļĢ์āļ—ี่ 3 āđ€āļĄāļĐāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2569

Salivary gland swelling

Salivary gland swelling

🧠 1. Framework āļāļēāļĢāļ„ิāļ” (Clinical approach āļ—ี่āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”)

āđāļĒāļ 3 āđāļāļ™āļŦāļĨัāļāļ่āļ­āļ™

1) Acute vs Chronic

  • Acute (days–weeks) stone / infection / obstruction / exposure
  • Chronic (weeks–months)
    • Unifocal tumor
    • Multifocal systemic disease

2) Number of glands

  • Single gland stone, bacterial infection, tumor
  • Multiple glands viral, autoimmune, metabolic

3) Systemic symptoms

  • Fever infection
  • Sicca SjÃķgren
  • Weight loss malignancy / autoimmune

2. Etiology āļ—ี่āļžāļšāļš่āļ­āļĒ (High-yield)

Acute

  • Sialolithiasis (stone) pain āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē eat
  • Bacterial sialadenitis painful, pus, unilateral
  • Viral (mumps, EBV, CMV, COVID-19) bilateral + systemic
  • Duct stricture recurrent swelling
  • Exposure
    • contrast iodide mumps
    • radioiodine
    • drugs (clozapine)

Chronic

1) Tumor (āļ•้āļ­āļ‡ rule out āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ–้āļē unilateral)

  • painless mass
  • facial nerve involvement malignancy

2) Systemic disease

  • Sialosis (metabolic) DM, alcohol, obesity
  • SjÃķgren’s dry eyes + dry mouth
  • IgG4-related disease
  • Sarcoidosis (Heerfordt syndrome)

ðŸĐš 3. Physical exam (āļˆุāļ”āļ—ี่āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄ่āļžāļĨāļēāļ”)

  • Palpation: size / consistency / nodular
  • Massage gland:
    • pus bacterial
    • bubbly pneumoparotitis
  • CN VII exam (parotid tumor!)

🧊 4. Investigation (Practical algorithm)

Imaging (āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļĄāļēāļ)

First line = Ultrasound

  • stone / duct dilation / cyst / autoimmune pattern

CT + contrast

  • āļ–้āļē US unclear
  • suspicion stone but US negative

MRI

  • suspicion tumor / vascular lesion

Lab (āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļāļĢāļ“ีāļŠāļ‡āļŠัāļĒ systemic)

  • ANA, SSA/SSB SjÃķgren
  • IgG4
  • ACE sarcoid

🧭 5. Indications for referral (ENT)

  • Painful episode
  • Recurrent 2 āļ„āļĢั้āļ‡
  • Chronic swelling
  • Suspicion tumor

💊 6. Management (āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļš clinical use)

ðŸ”đ Supportive (āđƒāļŠ้āđ€āļืāļ­āļšāļ—ุāļ case)

  • hydration
  • massage
  • warm compress
  • sialagogues (āđ€āļŠ่āļ™ sour candy)
  • NSAIDs

ðŸ”đ Specific treatment

Cause

Treatment

Stone

sialendoscopy

Bacterial

antibiotics (cover Staph aureus)

Stricture

dilation ± steroid

Tumor

surgery

Sialosis

treat underlying

SjÃķgren / autoimmune

steroid ± immunosuppressive


⚠️ 7. Red flags (āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļ„ิāļ”āļ–ึāļ‡ malignancy)

  • chronic unilateral swelling
  • firm / nodular
  • facial nerve palsy
  • rapid growth

ðŸ§Đ 8. Pitfalls (āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ—ี่āļĄัāļāļ§ิāļ™ิāļˆāļ‰ัāļĒāļœิāļ”)

  • lymph node āļ„ิāļ”āļ§่āļē gland swelling
  • masseter hypertrophy
  • angioedema
  • vascular malformation

👉 āđƒāļŠ้ ultrasound āđāļĒāļāđ„āļ”้āļ”ีāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”


🧠 Key takeaway (āļŠāļĢุāļ›āļŠั้āļ™āļĄāļēāļ)

  • Acute = stone/infection
  • Chronic unilateral = tumor āļˆāļ™āļāļ§่āļēāļˆāļ°āļžิāļŠูāļˆāļ™์āļ§่āļēāđ„āļĄ่āđƒāļŠ่
  • Chronic bilateral = systemic disease
  • Ultrasound = first-line āļ—ุāļāļ„āļ™āđ€āļืāļ­āļšāļ—ั้āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”

āđ„āļĄ่āļĄีāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™:

āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™