Salivary gland swelling
ð§ 1. Framework āļāļēāļĢāļิāļ (Clinical approach āļี่āļŠāļģāļัāļāļี่āļŠุāļ)
āđāļĒāļ 3 āđāļāļāļŦāļĨัāļāļ่āļāļ
1) Acute vs Chronic
- Acute
(days–weeks) →
stone / infection / obstruction / exposure
- Chronic
(weeks–months)
- Unifocal
→ tumor
- Multifocal
→ systemic
disease
2) Number of glands
- Single
gland → stone,
bacterial infection, tumor
- Multiple
glands → viral,
autoimmune, metabolic
3) Systemic symptoms
- Fever → infection
- Sicca → SjÃķgren
- Weight
loss → malignancy /
autoimmune
⚡ 2. Etiology āļี่āļāļāļ่āļāļĒ
(High-yield)
Acute
- Sialolithiasis
(stone) → pain ↑ āđāļ§āļĨāļē eat
- Bacterial
sialadenitis →
painful, pus, unilateral
- Viral
(mumps, EBV, CMV, COVID-19) →
bilateral + systemic
- Duct
stricture →
recurrent swelling
- Exposure
- contrast
→ iodide mumps
- radioiodine
- drugs
(clozapine)
Chronic
1) Tumor (āļ้āļāļ rule out āđāļŠāļĄāļāļ้āļē unilateral)
- painless
mass
- facial
nerve involvement →
malignancy
2) Systemic disease
- Sialosis
(metabolic) → DM,
alcohol, obesity
- SjÃķgren’s
→ dry eyes + dry mouth
- IgG4-related
disease
- Sarcoidosis
(Heerfordt syndrome)
ðĐš 3. Physical exam (āļุāļāļี่āļ้āļāļāđāļĄ่āļāļĨāļēāļ)
- Palpation:
size / consistency / nodular
- Massage
gland:
- pus
→ bacterial
- bubbly
→ pneumoparotitis
- CN
VII exam (parotid tumor!)
ð§Š 4. Investigation
(Practical algorithm)
Imaging (āļŠāļģāļัāļāļĄāļēāļ)
First line = Ultrasound
- stone
/ duct dilation / cyst / autoimmune pattern
CT + contrast
- āļ้āļē US unclear
- suspicion
stone but US negative
MRI
- suspicion
tumor / vascular lesion
Lab (āđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļĢāļีāļŠāļāļŠัāļĒ systemic)
- ANA,
SSA/SSB → SjÃķgren
- IgG4
- ACE → sarcoid
ð§ 5. Indications for
referral (ENT)
- Painful
episode
- Recurrent
≥2
āļāļĢั้āļ
- Chronic
swelling
- Suspicion
tumor
ð 6. Management (āļāļģāđāļ็āļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļ clinical use)
ðđ Supportive (āđāļ้āđāļืāļāļāļุāļ case)
- hydration
- massage
- warm
compress
- sialagogues
(āđāļ่āļ sour candy)
- NSAIDs
ðđ Specific treatment
|
Cause |
Treatment |
|
Stone |
sialendoscopy |
|
Bacterial |
antibiotics (cover Staph aureus) |
|
Stricture |
dilation ± steroid |
|
Tumor |
surgery |
|
Sialosis |
treat underlying |
|
SjÃķgren / autoimmune |
steroid ± immunosuppressive |
⚠️ 7. Red flags (āļ้āļāļāļิāļāļึāļ
malignancy)
- chronic
unilateral swelling
- firm
/ nodular
- facial
nerve palsy
- rapid
growth
ð§Đ 8. Pitfalls (āļŠิ่āļāļี่āļĄัāļāļ§ิāļิāļāļัāļĒāļิāļ)
- lymph
node → āļิāļāļ§่āļē
gland swelling
- masseter
hypertrophy
- angioedema
- vascular
malformation
ð āđāļ้ ultrasound
āđāļĒāļāđāļ้āļีāļี่āļŠุāļ
ð§ Key takeaway (āļŠāļĢุāļāļŠั้āļāļĄāļēāļ)
- Acute
= stone/infection
- Chronic
unilateral = tumor āļāļāļāļ§่āļēāļāļ°āļิāļŠูāļāļ์āļ§่āļēāđāļĄ่āđāļ่
- Chronic
bilateral = systemic disease
- Ultrasound
= first-line āļุāļāļāļāđāļืāļāļāļั้āļāļŦāļĄāļ
āđāļĄ่āļĄีāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļิāļāđāļŦ็āļ:
āđāļŠāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļิāļāđāļŦ็āļ