āļ§ัāļ™āđ€āļŠāļēāļĢ์āļ—ี่ 18 āļ•ุāļĨāļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2568

Chest Pain (Nontraumatic) in pediatric

Chest Pain (Nontraumatic) in pediatric


ðŸ”ī Red Flags – āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļĢีāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄิāļ™āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļŠ่āļ‡āļ•่āļ­āļ—ัāļ™āļ—ี (Cardiac/Pulmonary Emergency)

āđƒāļŦ้āļ–āļēāļĄ / āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆ / EKG / CXR āļ—ัāļ™āļ—ี āļŦāļēāļāļĄีāļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āđƒāļ”āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡:

āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§ัāļ•ิ

āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļĢ่āļ§āļĄ

āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļĢ่āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ

Lab/ECG

āđ€āļˆ็āļšāļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ­āļ­āļāļāļģāļĨัāļ‡

Syncope, palpitations

New murmur, gallop

ST elevation/ depression

Known congenital heart disease

Dyspnea, orthopnea

Hypotension, poor perfusion

Elevated troponin

Family history sudden death <50 yr

Fever + respiratory distress

Tracheal deviation, decreased breath sounds

D-dimer+ (āļŠāļ‡āļŠัāļĒ PE)

Substance use (cocaine, cannabis)

Shock sign

Hamman sign, subcutaneous emphysema

āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ‰ุāļāđ€āļ‰ิāļ™āļ—ี่āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āđāļĒāļāđƒāļŦ้āđ„āļ”้

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Myocarditis / Pericarditis
  • Coronary anomaly/Kawasaki sequelae
  • Aortic dissection (Marfan, Turner)
  • Spontaneous pneumothorax
  • Pulmonary embolism (rare)
  • Acute chest syndrome (sickle cell)

ðŸŸĄ Life-threatening Cardiac Conditions: Key Clues

āđ‚āļĢāļ„

āļĨัāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļ

āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļ—ี่āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ—āļģ

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

āđ€āļˆ็āļšāļŦāļ™้āļēāļ­āļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§่āļēāļ‡āļ§ิ่āļ‡, syncope

ECG + Echo

Myocarditis

āđ€āļˆ็āļšāļĢ่āļ§āļĄāļัāļšāļ­่āļ­āļ™āđ€āļžāļĨีāļĒ, tachycardia disproportionate

ECG: ST/T change, Troponin , Echo

Pericarditis

āđ€āļˆ็āļšāđāļ™āļ§ pleuritic, āļ”ีāļ‚ึ้āļ™āđ€āļĄื่āļ­āļ้āļĄāļ•ัāļ§

ECG: diffuse ST , Echo effusion

Coronary anomaly

āđ€āļˆ็āļšāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ­āļ­āļāļāļģāļĨัāļ‡

Stress testing, CTA

Arrhythmia

palpitations, chest discomfort

Holter monitor


ðŸŸĒ āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•ุāļ—ี่āļžāļšāļš่āļ­āļĒ 94–99% (Benign)

āļāļĨุ่āļĄāđ‚āļĢāļ„

āļĢ้āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ°

Key features

Management

Musculoskeletal (costochondritis, slipping rib, precordial catch)

30–60%

Pain reproducible on palpation or position

NSAIDs, reassurance

Psychogenic / Anxiety / Hyperventilation

10–30%

Associated with stress, normal PE

Breathing retraining, counseling

Respiratory (asthma, pneumonia, pneumomediastinum)

5–12%

Wheeze, cough, fever

Treat underlying

Gastroesophageal reflux / esophagitis

5–8%

Burning pain after meals

PPI trial

Idiopathic

20–50%

No cause found, benign course

Reassurance


🧭 Diagnostic Strategy (Clinical Decision Pathway)

1️. History

  • Character: sharp vs pressure
  • Timing: exertional? at rest? brief vs continuous
  • Associated symptoms: dyspnea, syncope, palpitations, fever, cough
  • Psychosocial stressors
  • Family history sudden cardiac death

2️Focused Physical Exam

  • Vital + perfusion status
  • Cardiac: murmur, friction rub
  • Respiratory: breath sounds, hyperresonance
  • Palpation of costochondral junction

3️Investigations (āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™ high risk āđ€āļ—่āļēāļ™ั้āļ™)

Indication

Test

Exertional pain / concerning history

ECG ± troponin ± CXR

abnormal cardiac exam

Echocardiogram

pleuritic pain + dyspnea

CXR, consider ultrasound

suspect PE

D-dimer, CT-PA (rare in children)

GERD symptoms

PPI trial, no labs initially

ðŸ”đ āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ”็āļāļ›āļāļ•ิāļ—ี่āđ„āļĄ่āļĄี red flag āđ„āļĄ่āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļģ ECG, X-ray, lab


ðŸŽŊ Key Diagnosis at a Glance (Mnemonic: “CAMP-RG”)

āđƒāļŠ้āļˆāļģāļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•ุ pedi chest pain āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”ัāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢุāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡

Cardiac
Asthma / Air (pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum)
Musculoskeletal
Psychogenic
Reflux (GI)
Growth (breast, puberty pain)


🧭 Evaluation Algorithm (Simplified)

Pediatric Chest Pain

1. ABCs stable?

   └─ No PALS protocol, emergent care

2. Red flags present?

   └─ Yes ECG + CXR + urgent consult

3. No red flags Focused Hx/PE

    ├─ Pain reproducible on palpation Musculoskeletal

    ├─ Heartburn/regurgitation GERD

    ├─ Cough/wheeze Asthma/pneumonia

    ├─ Stress response Psychogenic

    └─ Normal exam Idiopathic reassure + follow-up


Disposition

Scenario

Action

Unstable / red flags

Admit ICU / consult cardiology

Moderate suspicion

ECG normal OPD cardiology follow-up 1–2 wk

Benign/idiopathic

Reassurance, discharge, FU in 4–6 wk


ðŸ’Ą Clinical Pearls

  • Duration: pain āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ§ัāļ™/āđ€āļĢื้āļ­āļĢัāļ‡ āļĄัāļāđ„āļĄ่āđƒāļŠ่ cardiac
  • Localized pain with finger pointing chest wall origin
  • Pain with breathing pleuritic / pneumothorax / pneumonia
  • Chest pain + syncope during exercise = assume HCM until proven otherwise
  • Idiopathic chest pain āļžāļšāđ„āļ”้āļ–ึāļ‡ 45% āđ„āļĄ่āđƒāļŠ่ diagnosis of exclusion āļ§่āļēāļ­ัāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒ āđāļ•่āđ€āļ›็āļ™ common diagnosis āļ—ี่āļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ ัāļĒ

āđ„āļĄ่āļĄีāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™:

āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āđ€āļŦ็āļ™