āļ§ัāļ™āļĻุāļāļĢ์āļ—ี่ 28 āļžāļĪāļĻāļˆิāļāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2568

Undifferentiated Shock in Adults

ðŸ”Ĩ Undifferentiated Shock in Adults

āļ™ิāļĒāļēāļĄ

Shock = āļ āļēāļ§āļ° cellular/tissue hypoxia āļˆāļēāļ O delivery āļŦāļĢืāļ­ utilization āļĄัāļāļžāļš circulatory failure āļ­āļēāļˆāļŦāļĢืāļ­āđ„āļĄ่āļ­āļēāļˆāļĄี hypotension
Undifferentiated shock = āļĢู้āļ§่āļēāļĄี shock āđāļ•่āļĒัāļ‡āđ„āļĄ่āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•ุ


ðŸĐļ Classification (4 Major Types)

āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—

āļ•ัāļ§āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•ุ

Hemodynamics

Skin

Distributive

Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic, Adrenal crisis

CI /, SVR , PCWP /

Warm early cool late

Cardiogenic

AMI, Arrhythmia, Acute valve failure

CI , PCWP , SVR

Cool, pulmonary edema

Hypovolemic

Hemorrhage, dehydration

CI ↔→↓, PCWP , SVR

Cool, dry

Obstructive

PE, Tamponade, Tension PTX

CI , PCWP / (tamponade)

JVD , sudden decomp


🔎 āđ€āļĄื่āļ­āļ„āļ§āļĢāļŠāļ‡āļŠัāļĒ Shock

Early signs

  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Prolonged CRT >3 sec
  • Elevated lactate 2 mmol/L
  • SBP <90 / MAP <65 (āđāļ•่āļ­āļēāļˆāļ›āļāļ•ิāđƒāļ™ early shock!)

Indicators of tissue hypoperfusion

  • AMS, oliguria (<0.5 mL/kg/h), mottled/cold skin
  • Hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis

āļ„ิāļ”āļ–ึāļ‡ shock āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ āđāļĄ้ BP āļ›āļāļ•ิ āļ–้āļēāļĄี tachycardia + poor perfusion


🚑 Initial ED Management — Simultaneous A-B-C-E approach

A – Secure airway RSI āļ–้āļēāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™ (āļŦāļĨีāļāđ€āļĨี่āļĒāļ‡ agent āļ—ี่āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦ้ hypotension āđāļĒ่āļĨāļ‡)
B – O, ventilation support (āļĒāļāđ€āļ§้āļ™ tension PTX decompress āļ่āļ­āļ™)
CIV/IO 2 āđ€āļŠ้āļ™āđƒāļŦāļ่ aggressive fluids

  • Balanced crystalloid bolus 500–1000 mL q15–30 min
  • āđ„āļĄ่ delay fluid āđƒāļŦ้āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļāļĨัāļ§ heart failure

D – Disability: mental status
E – Exposure: āļ”ู bleeding / rash / trauma


🛑 Intervene NOW if suspected

āļ•ัāļ”āļŠิāļ™āđƒāļˆāļˆāļēāļ clinical + POCUS + ECG

āļŠāļ‡āļŠัāļĒ

Intervention

Anaphylaxis

IM adrenaline 0.3 mg q5–15 min, airway, fluids

Tension PTX

Needle decompression chest tube

Tamponade

Pericardiocentesis under POCUS

Massive Hemorrhage

MTP / TXA / Surgical control

Life-threatening Arrhythmia

ACLS: cardioversion / pacing

Massive PE

Thrombolysis / embolectomy

Adrenal crisis

Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV

āđƒāļŦ้āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļāļĐāļēāļ—ัāļ™āļ—ีāđāļĄ้ diagnosis āļĒัāļ‡āđ„āļĄ่ confirm


🧊 Diagnostic Workup (āļ—āļģāļžāļĢ้āļ­āļĄ āđ† āļัāļš resuscitation)

Bedside Assessment

  • POCUS (RUSH/ACES protocol)
    Heart IVC Lung FAST Aorta DVT check
    āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāđāļĒāļ shock āļŠāļ™ิāļ”āļ•่āļēāļ‡ āđ† āđ„āļ”้ āđ€āļĢ็āļ§āļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”
  • ECG: STEMI? Arrhythmia? RV strain?

Labs (priority)

  • Lactate, ABG/VBG
  • CBC with diff
  • CMP (renal+LFT), electrolytes
  • Coags, D-dimer
  • Troponin / BNP
  • Type&cross āđƒāļ™ suspected bleeding
  • Blood/urine cultures if sepsis suspected

Imaging

  • Portable CXR
  • CT depending on stability (PE, dissection, bleed)
  • Echo formal āđ€āļĄื่āļ­āļ„āļ™āđ„āļ‚้āđ€āļĢิ่āļĄ stable

💉 Hemodynamic Support

1) IV Fluids

  • Balanced crystalloid = first line
  • Avoid starches
  • Targets: MAP 65 mmHg, UOP 0.5 mL/kg/h, lactate clearance

2) Vasopressors (āđ€āļĄื่āļ­ fluids āđāļĨ้āļ§āļĒัāļ‡ hypoperfusion)

Drug

Use

Norepinephrine

First-line for most shock

Phenylephrine

āļ–้āļēāļĄี tachyarrhythmia

Add Dobutamine

Cardiogenic shock with low CI

⚠️ āļŦāļĨีāļāđ€āļĨี่āļĒāļ‡ vasopressor āđ€āļ›็āļ™ first line āđƒāļ™ hypovolemia/hemorrhage


🧠 Bedside Clues — Quick Differential

āļĨัāļāļĐāļ“āļ°

āļ™ึāļāļ–ึāļ‡

Warm skin, wide pulse pressure

Early septic shock

Chest trauma + JVD + breath sound

Tension PTX

JVD + muffled heart sound

Tamponade

Sudden dyspnea + RV strain

PE

Cold + rales + chest pain

Cardiogenic shock

GI bleed/trauma signs

Hypovolemia

Urticaria/stridor

Anaphylaxis


📌 Diagnosis = Clinical Syndrome

  • Hypotension āļŦāļĢืāļ­ signs hypoperfusion
  • Lactate 2–4 mmol/L high mortality predictor
  • Mixed or evolving shock āļžāļšāđ„āļ”้āļš่āļ­āļĒ

ðŸšĻ Key Practical Pearls

Pearl

Explanation

Shock āđ„āļĄ่āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ•้āļ­āļ‡ hypotensive

āļ”ู perfusion āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŦāļĨัāļ

POCUS = ED game changer

First imaging āļ—ี่āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ—āļģ

āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļัāļ‡āļ§āļĨ fluids āļˆāļēāļ HF/CKD āđ€āļิāļ™āđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™ early phase

Under-resuscitation mortality

Lactate trend āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļāļ§่āļēāļ„่āļēāđ€āļ”ี่āļĒāļ§

āđƒāļŠ้ monitor response

Mixed shock is common

Treat dominant cause first


ðŸ”ŧ Goals of Resuscitation (ED ICU)

  • MAP 65 mmHg
  • Lactate 20% within 2 hrs (āļŦāļĢืāļ­ clearance ongoing)
  • UOP 0.5 mL/kg/h
  • Mentation improved
  • Skin warm, CRT <3 sec

 

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